Innvirkning av nasal luftveismotstand på distribusjon av apnéer og hypopnéer ved obstruktiv søvnapné

Forskere fra Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus og Universitetet i Lund har i denne studien undersøkt hvordan økt nasal luftveismotstand påvirker respirasjonsvariabler ved obstruktiv søvnapné (OSA). 126 OSA-pasienter henvist til søvnseksjonen ved Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykehus ble undersøkt med polygrafi. Resultatene viste at det var mer enn tre ganger mer sannsynlig at OSA-pasienter med en høyere ratio av hypopnéer i forhold til apnéer hadde økt nasal luftveismotstand målt ved 4-faset rhinomanometri, sammenlignet med de som har en lavere ratio mellom hypopnéer og apnéer, uavhengig av alvorlighetsgrad av OSA. Forskerne konkluderer med at analyse av hypopné-apné-ratio i kan være et nyttig verktøy for å identifisere pasienter som potensielt kan ha økt nasal luftveismotstand som en del av sin respiratoriske patofysiologi.

Publisert 12.06.2020 / Sist oppdatert 27.05.2022

Impact of Nasal Resistance on the Distribution of Apneas and Hypopneas in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Hans Christian Hoel, Knut Kvinnesland, Søren Berg

Studien er publisert i Sleep Medicine

Background: This study aims to investigate how increased nasal resistance affects respiratory variables in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this setting, to assess how nasal resistance, as measured by 4-phase rhinomanometry, affects the distribution of hypopneas and apneas when measured with routine Sleep Polygraphy (PG).
Methods: PG recordings were analysed and 4-phase rhinomanometry was conducted. Crude differences between groups were compared using Mann-Whitney Wilkoxon test. Odds for higher nasal resistance were modelled using logistic regression. All tests were two-sided. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In sum, 126 OSA patients referred to our center examined with PG were included. OSA Patients with a higher ratio of hypopneas relative to apneas are more than three times more likely (OR = 3.72, 95%CI [1.30-10.66], p = 0.015) to have increased nasal resistance as measured by 4-phase rhinomanometry, compared to those who have a lower ratio of hypopneas relative to apneas, regardless of OSA severity. The median Hypopnea to Apnea Ratio (HAR) in the low nasal resistance group was 0.8 compared to 2.6 in the high nasal resistance group (p = 0.000). The median apnea index in the low nasal resistance group was 13.6, in the high nasal group it was 5.2 (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Our investigation shows that OSA patients presenting with increased nasal resistance demonstrate significant differences in the distribution of hypopneas and apneas. OSA patients with increased nasal resistance exhibit a significantly lower apnea index and a higher hypopnea to apnea ratio compared to OSA patients presenting with low nasal resistance. Thus, analysis of the HAR in sleep studies is a useful tool to identify patients who may potentially have nasal obstruction as part of their respiratory pathophysiology. We therefore recommend that OSA patients with a predominance of hypopneas relative to apneas should undergo further nasal measurements.